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EAGE-2007 (London)
BorisE: Получил материалы О том что заинтересовало попробую кратко написать
Ответов - 15
BorisE: D020 Reservoir Fault Properties Estimated Using Seismic Shale Gouge Ratio A.D. Irving* (Total E&P UK Ltd), P. Breton (Total SA) & S. Guillon (Total SA) SUMMARY Fault properties estimated using lithoseismic Vclay are compared to those derived from a classical geomodelling approach with reservoir NTG. Throw and Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) calculation at the seismic scale can provide a significant improvement in resolution and accuracy over the geomodelling approach. Fault properties included in numerical reservoir simulations give a qualitative match to observed production and time-lapse seismic effects in an offshore turbidite field. Errors introduced during upscaling of seismic properties into ‘stairstep’ faulted grids can be overcome using a virtual deformation of the grid geometry. This method could be extended to upscaling fault permeability estimated from seismic SGR. Понятие SGR как меры глинизации разломов за последние 10-лет вошло из теории в практику Насколько я понял бросив взгляд авторы картируют мощности пластов глин и потом оценивают SGR для разломов
BorisE: Как влияют условия седиментации на структуру порового пространства (Upper Rotliegend Deposits) P133 Sedimentary Processes Diversifying of Reservoir Properties of The Upper Rotliegend Deposits in the Fore-Sudetic Monoclin A. Poszytek* (Warsaw University) SUMMARY The northern and southern parts of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline are characterised by completely different reservoir properties. In the Zielona Gora and Pozna troughs this variability results from the different depositional histories in both areas and different diagenetic processes taking there place later. Analysis of the variability of reservoir properties with regard to the particular depositional systems allowed a statement that despite strong influence of diagenesis, the sedimentary environment leaves a strong imprint on the presently observed reservoir properties. Comparison between the two study areas and between deposits of different origin has been based on results of porosity, permeability and reservoir rate studies. Понятно как, но автор иллюстрирует это конкретным примером, причем показывает различие углов наклона эллипсов рассеивания пористость-проницаемость для разных условий седиментации
BorisE: Knowledge Management for Shared Earth Modelling (SPE-107152) L. Mastella* (Ecole des Mines de Paris/UFRGS), M. Perrin (Ecole des Mines de Paris), M. Abel (UFRGS), J.F. Rainaud (Institut Français du Pétrole) & W. Touari (Institut Français du Pétrole) SUMMARY Shared Earth Modelling (SEM) describes the process of integrating static (geological structures) and dynamic data (hydrocarbon production) issued from several disciplines to construct a model of a subsurface resource. We claim, however, that SEM should allow sharing and integrating not only data but also the knowledge related to data interpretation. As a consequence, actors from different disciplines, who have different technical skills, should be able to provide a ""Shared Earth Model"" with specific technical knowledge concerning how to evolve a hydrocarbon prospect at the various stages of its life cycle. The integration of various levels of scientific and technical knowledge into the modelling process requires an overall view of the knowledge and data workflow. In order to enhance a knowledge management approach, we first examine which types of information (data, interpretation, abstract model, symbolic or spatial representations) should be considered at each step of the reservoir modelling chain. Moreover, in order to allow each expert to bring his/her own contribution in an explicit way, we propose the use of a formal vocabulary related to the different disciplines and define it through ontologies. It is thus possible to picture how the various types of knowledge should interact for producing consistent ""Shared Earth Models"". In order to illustrate the above approach, the paper presents a prototype of ""Geological Knowledge Editor"" (GKE). This module allows representing the knowledge acquired at the beginning of the SEM process and providing services to enhance this knowledge and checking its consistency, guaranteeing thus the quality of service (QoS) attached to the reservoir modelling process. By means of the GKE, the geologist can display geological representations such as fault networks or stratigraphic columns. He/she can also edit the chronological interpretation attached to the model and use it for building structural models in an automatic way. Работа жителей франции Мадам Лаура Мастелла перебралась из Бразилии, где занималась применением методов анализа данных и ИИ в геологии В статье приведены небезынтересные разветвленные рабочие потоки и рассуждения на этот счет, наряду с примерами применения технологий
BorisE: Spectral Analysis of Well Logs for the Thin– Bedded Miocene Succession in the Polish Carpathian Foredeep J.A. Jarzyna* (AGH - University of Science and Technology) & Z. Greplowski (AGH UST (student)) SUMMARY Sandstone, mudstone and claystone thin-bedded succession in two regions of the central and north-eastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep were analyzed in aspect of delineation of reservoir and sealing beds and correlating them in gas deposit areas. Gamma and Density logs were the basis to show lithology variations as well as Neutron and the longest, HO12, induction component of HRAI were used to improve gasbearing horizons. Spectral approach to well logs provided authors with results of Predicted Error Filter Analysis applied to point out detailed changes in lithology. PEFA results were finally confirmed by INPEFA outcomes improving depth and time of distinct changes of sedimentary conditions. Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis was used to show that cyclic long-term sedimentation includes short period cycles providing sandstone thin beds, frequently being gas-reservoirs. It turned out that CycloLog 3.1 (ENRES) offering mathematically justified well logging processing provided petrophysicists with new results making geological interpretation quicker and easier and more efficient. The results of well log spectral analysis are also useful in seismo-stratigraphic interpretation. Приводится достаточно давно известный аппарат анализа Фурье Результат применения используется для корреляции Про wavelet ни слова (проверил на wave поиском) ;-)
BorisE: Conductivity of Double-Porosity Carbonate Formations Saturated with Water – Oil Mixtures A. Mousatov* (Mexican Petroleum Institute), E. Kazatchenko (Mexican Petroleum Institute), M. Markov (Mexican Petroleum Institute) & E.Pervago (Mexican Petroleum Institute) SUMMARY The determination of water saturation from resistivity logs is an important problem in formation evaluation required for the correct assessment of oil-resources. In carbonate formations this problem is especially complicated because of the complex structure of pore space composed of the small-scale matrix porosity and large-scale secondary pores of different shapes. In this paper we introduce a new approach for calculating the conductivity of carbonate formations with different wettability types. This approach is based on the double porosity model and computing the conductivity of pore saturating fluid treated as a mixture of conductive water and non-conductive oil (gas) inclusions. The non-conductive component is represented by spheroids embedded in the water (host). The variation of inclusion shapes allows us to model the dependence of conductivity on the formation wettability. The calculations have shown that the effective conductivity of the double porosity formations significantly depends on the type of the secondary pores, rock wettability, and water saturation of the matrix and secondary pore-systems. This result indicates that the assessment of the water saturation in carbonate formations, using traditional approaches without considering the secondary-porosity and wettability types, may lead to erroneous oil reserve estimation. Статья коллег из Мексики (Михаил Марков регулярно пишет на данном Форуме) Авторы сопоставляют разнообразные расчетные кривые для сред с разной геометрией прооводящих включений и результаты экспериментов заимствованные ими из публикаций Sweeney, S. A. and Jennings, H. Y. Jr., 1960, Effect of wettability on the electrical resistivity of carbonate rock from a petroleum reservoir,Journal of Physical Chemistry,64,551-553. Longeron, D. G., Argaud M. J., and Feraud, J.-P., 1989, Effect of overburden pressure and the nature and microscopic distribution of fluids on electrical properties of rock samples, SPE Formation Evaluation, June, 194-202.
BorisE: Electrokinetic Capillary Measurements F. Schoemaker* (Delft University of Technology), D.M.J. Smeulders (Delft University of Technology) & E.C. Slob (Delft University of Technology) SUMMARY We present laboratory measurements of dynamic permeability on samples consisting of capillary tubes. The dynamic permeability is a measure of the fluid flow response to an applied external oscillating pressure gradient such as exists in seismic waves. Existing theoretical models are validated. Moreover, in our laboratory set-up, also the Electrokinetic coupling is investigated. This coupling describes the fluid flow response to an external electric field such as exists in recent field tests where a high-voltage sources induces seismic responses recorded by geophones. In our set-up, the pressure field is externally applied and the induced electric field is measured. Авторы рассматривают проницаемость при синусуидальном колебании давления и возникающий при этом потенциал как функцию частоты Наряду с кратким обзором теории приводятся результаты эксперимента
BorisE: Computing Solutions for the Comprehensive Interpretation of Well Logs J.A. Jarzyna* (AGH - University of Science and Technology), U. Woznicka (Institute of Nuclear Physics Cracow) & A. Cichy (AGH - University of Science and Technology) SUMMARY Computer systems for processing and interpreting well logs are based on deterministic or mixed deterministic and statistical approach to the problem of porosity and mineral composition and water saturation determination. Results of the comprehensive interpretation are get as the solution of a set of equations. One equation is constructed for one log and in each equation porosity and volumes of mineral components and water saturation are unknowns. Such systems are also used for the modeling of rock response to the logging devices. A crucial problem in the mathematical side of discussed systems is a precise parameterization of a complicated rock formation in geophysical and geological aspects. Even many logs, i.e. equations, can not describe all details and mutual relations between components of rock formation, mainly because of a priori lack of all geological details of rock medium. The next problem the log analysts meet is an imperfection of applied mathematical methods of solving a set of equations. The paper discusses a way of improving the result of the comprehensive interpretation of well logging combining two approaches, gradient Monte Carlo methods, to the problem of minimization of the error function being the measure of the correctness of the interpretation solution. Грустная картина Авторы повторяют публикации 35 летней давности, причем в ухудшенном варианте. А у меня в прошлом году вторую заявку с весьма приличной работой не приняли.
BorisE: A New Rock Physics Model for Sand-Clay Structures with Effective Porosity B. Gurevich (Curtin University and CSIRO Petroleum Perth) & R. Ciz* (Freie Universitaet Berlin) SUMMARY The distribution and amount of clay content within the sandstone has a great impact on seismic velocities. This knowledge of clay content is also important for reservoir characterization and interpretation of properties from well logs and seismic data. Reliable rock physics models implementing porosity, clay content and fluid saturation are required for the inversion algorithms. Simultaneous inversion of porosity, clay content and saturation is formally non-unique from P- and S-velocities. This difficulty can be partially resolved for certain lithologies by the newly developed rock physics models for dispersed and laminar clay distributions. These models implement effective porosity principles and assume constant porosity of sandstone matrix and porous clay. Porosities and clay contents are related in these models and hence the number of unknowns for the inversion reduces from three to two. Расчет эффективной пористости для смеси песок-глина авторы проводят по обычной модели вложения (забыв, что существуют еще и алевритовая и алевролитовая фракции) А ведь вроде не первый раз замужем (как говаривала моя бывшая сотрудница!) Впрочем, само слово НОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ неплохо маркирует глубину помыслов и рефлексии авторов
BorisE: Determination of Cementation Exponent Using an Interval Inversion Method M. Dobroka (Miskolc University), B. Kiss (MOL Hungarian Oil Company), N.Szabo* (Miskolc University), J. Toth (MOL Hungarian Oil Company) & T.Ormos (Miskolc University) SUMMARY In the paper a joint inversion method is used to determine the cementation exponent as an important keyparameter in well log analysis. As a rule, the aim of the interpretation of well-logging data is to determine some petrophysical parameters of a given formation. However, the cementation exponent has been used as a constant for the conventional narrowly over determined inversion techniques so far. In order to estimate this parameter objectively, a new inversion method called interval inversion is developed to give an accurate and continuous estimate along the well log. In the paper the theoretical backgrounds and a field application is presented. Венгерские коллеги предлагают производить настройка петрофизических констант системы уравнений геостатистической инверсией Информацию по глубине задают через вариограмму С учетом того, что ранее там над задачей решения систем взаимосвязей работал Золтан Барлаи (а в Венгрии всего три фирмы занимаются каротажом) - задумка реализуемая
BorisE: A New Darcy-Stokes Flow Model for Cavity-Fractured Reservoir (SPE-106751) D.L. Peng* (Southwest Petroleum U.), Z. Qi (Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield), B. Liang (U. of Texas at Austin) & X. Liu (Sinopec Northwest Co.) SUMMARY Conventional cavity-fractured reservoir has small sizes of cavity and the corresponding flow behavior is presented by the equivalent model for fluid flow in porous media. However, in Tarim Basin, the biggest land oil/gas-baring basin in China, many unconventional fractured reservoirs are found that cavities are the main storage space while fractures offer flow paths. Current porous flow model are not applicable due to the large cavities even with the scale of meter. A new flow model is needed to describe the flow behavior in order to successfully develop these cavity-fractured reservoirs. In this paper, fluid flow in Tarim cavity-fractured reservoirs is firstly studied by integrating geology and reservoir engineering. As an example, Tahe Ordovician carbonate reservoir is analyzed in detail. Then, a new Darcy-Stokes model for slightly compressible two-phase flow is built. In our model, flow area is divided into porous flow region and free flow region according to flow characteristics. Porous flow region obeys Darcy's law and is described by the flow in porous media with multiple porosities. On the other hand, free flow region satisfies Navier-Stokes flow and the equation describing slightly compressible twophase flow is developed. The connection at the interfaces of these two flow regions is derived by the extension of Beavers-Joseph-Saffman boundary condition to two-phase flow. The application of Darcy-Stokes flow model to Tahe reservoir demonstrates that this model gets better prediction on oil production performance than the fractured model with dual porosity. Основная игра идет с граничным условием связывающем застойные зоны с проточными Помнится нечто подобное было уже лет 20-30-ть назад (использовал при обработке трасеров при наличии застойных зон - там "тяжелые хвосты") Но дьявол тут может быть и не в пренебрежении к публикациям в СССР и в России, а в деталях
BorisE: Connectivity of Spatially Correlated Fractures – Simulation and Field Studies (SPE-107132) M. Masihi* (Sharif U. of Technology) & P.R. King (Imperial College London) SUMMARY The nature of fluid flow in fractured reservoirs of very low matrix permeability depends on the geometrical properties of fractures as well as the connectivity of the fracture network. Percolation theory is the obvious tool to rapidly estimate the connectivity and its associated uncertainty through some algebraic scaling relations. However, the usual scaling laws do not consider anisotropy, fracture size distribution and fractures' interactions. We have recently addressed the effects of anisotropy in orientation of fractures (SPE 94186) and fracture length distribution (SPE 100229) on the scaling law of the connectivity. Poisson distribution of fractures assumed by standard percolation is also in contradiction with the existence of fracture sets or the observed spatial correlation between natural fractures over scales. In this study we first present a simple geomechanical fracture model with which we can investigate the effect of fracture spatial correlation on the network connectivity. We assume that all fracturing has happened and has achieved mechanical equilibrium which enables us to use entropy arguments and statistical mechanics to model fractures. With this, we use the realizations of correlated fracture networks in the basic methodology of the percolation and investigate the network connectivity. In particular, the simulation results show that the scaling exponents of the connectivity are different from the conventional, uncorrelated values. We then use the field data of fractures exposed on the southern margin of the Bristol Channel Basin to investigate the fracture spatial correlation, appears as cross correlation between fracture position and its length or orientation. We also show that the connectivity predictions from the percolation approach are in agreement with the results calculated from field data with the advantage that they can be obtained very quickly. As a result this extends the applicability of percolation approach to correlated fractures which may be used for practical engineering purposes. Авторы из уважаемой организации сделали интересную работу, которая мне не сильно прозрачна (по некомпетентности) Проводится моделирование путем генерация системы трещин с последовательным уменьшением температуры в "машине Больцмана" причем правила коррекции углов, длин и раскрытий трещин задаются в явном виде Сама энергия расписывается через попарное взаимодействие упругих трещин Получаемые результаты анализируются по их взаимосвязи с результатами непрерывной перколяции На реальном месторождении проанализированы системы трещин (в том числе их размер, число и связность) В работе библиография в 35 наименований (включая и одну свежую публикацию авторов)
BorisE: Mohsen Masihi Petroleum Engineering Tel: x47139 Office: 2.45K Email: mohsen.masihi@imperial.ac.uk Biography Phd , Imperial College London , July 2006 Jahan Vegetable Oil Co. (1995-2003) Research Interests Percolation approach in reservoir modelling. Charactersing flow in fractured reservoirs. Uncertainty in reservoir performance. Enhanced oil recovery techniques. Education Phd, Imperial College London (graduated July 2006) MSc in Chemical Engineering (University of Tehran, Iran, 1995) BSc in Petrochemical Engineering (Petroleum University of Technology, Iran, 1993) Selected Publications & Conference Presentations "The Effect of Anisotropy on Finite Size Scaling in Percolation Theory", Physical Review Letters (in preparation). "A Correlated Fracture Network: Modelling and Percolation Properties", Submitted to the Water Resources Research. "Predicting Connectivity in Fractured Reservoirs with anisotropic Permeability Map Using Percolation Theory", Submitted to the Computational Geosciences. "Prediction of Fracture Connectivity Using a Percolation Approach:Model Test with Field Data ", M Belayneh, M Masihi, S Matthai and P King, Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 3, 219-229, 2006. "Fast Estimation of Performance Parameters in Fractured Reservoirs Using Percolation Theory",SPE Journal (in review) "Connectivity of fracture networks: The effects of anisotropy and spatial correlation" , M Masihi and P R King, Presented at the Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR XVI) conference 2006,Copenhagen, Denmark, June 19-22. " Connectivity Modelling of Heterogeneous Systems: Analysis and Field study", P Nurafza, M Masihi and P R King, Presented at the Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR XVI) conference 2006,Copenhagen, Denmark, June 19-22. "Facies Connectivity Modelling; Analysis and Field Study", P Nurafza, P R King and M Masihi , Presented at the SPE Europec 2006,Vienna, Austria, June 12-15. "Connectivity Prediction in Fractured Reservoirs with Variable Fracture Size; Analysis and Validation", M Masihi, P R King and P Nurafza, accepted for presentation at the SPE Europec 2006,Vienna, Austria, June 12-15. "Uncertainty Prediction in Fractured Reservoirs Using Percolation approach", (2005) M Masihi and P R King, Presented at the Petroleum Geoscience Collaboration Conference,London, UK,1 Dec 2005. "Fast Estimation of Performance Parameters in Fractured Reservoirs Using Percolation Theory" (2005) M Masihi, P R King and P R Nurafza. 14th Europec Biennial Conference, Madrid, Spain, June 13-16 [ PDF ] "Connectivity in Anisotropic Fracture Systems" (2005) M Masihi and P R King. PERM Affiliates Meeting, Imperial College London, UK, May 16 [ PDF ] "Fracture Network Modelling: A stochastic approach using simulated annealing algorithm" (2004) M Masihi, P R King., Presented as Poster at GRC (Flow & Trasport in Permeable Media ),Queen's College, Oxford University[ PDF ] "Fracture Network Connectivity: Finite size scaling for isotropic/anisotropic systems" (2004) M Masihi, P R King., Presented as Poster at GRC (Flow & Trasport in Permeable Media), Queen's College, Oxford University[ PDF ] http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/earthscienceandengineering/people/phdstudents/k-m/masihim
BorisE: Determination of the Acoustic Properties of Hydrocarbon Rich Gases Using PVT Relations A. Shams* (Heriot-Watt University), C. Macbeth (Heriot-Watt University) & F. Gozalpour (Heriot-Watt University) SUMMARY Published approaches for determining the seismic properties of pore fluids are investigated to examine the effect of gas quality at constant pressure and temperature. For this purpose, a range of fluids from natural gas to rich gas condensate is prepared and tested to determine pertinent acoustic properties of the fluid at single-phase conditions. The results show that the ratio of heat capacities of fluids in currently used models do not vary with the change in gas quality, consequently the calculated gas bulk modulus may not appropriately reflect the fluid composition dependency. Therefore a new approach is suggested in this work to calculate the ratio of heat capacities of gases where the effect of gas quality is taken into consideration. This leads to an increase in accuracy of predicted seismic property changes for gas condensate and other gas reservoirs. Приводится новая 4-х параметрическая аппроксимация для сжимаемости газа и сравнивается с результатами эксперимента по пяти видам газа и с аппроксимацией из публикации Batzle, M., and Z. Wang, 1992, Seismic properties of pore fluids: Geophysics, 57, no.11, 1396-1408.
BorisE: Упругие свойства пород как функция их насыщенности A Saturation Law for Quantitative 4D Seismic Analysis of a Turbidite Reservoir Undergoing Waterflood C. MacBeth* (Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering) & K.D. Stephen (Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering) SUMMARY Reservoir management can be very much improved by increasing our knowledge of fluid changes within the field. Time-lapse seismic can offer this information provided an accurate relationship between the fluid-bulk modulus estimated from seismic and the true reservoir saturation condition is known. This relationship is generally simplified by ignoring the interaction of fluid, heterogeneity and seismic at various scales, thus significantly increasing errors and uncertainty in saturation estimates. To improve the relationship, a reservoir-based saturation law is developed with specific application to a turbidite reservoir. This geological architecture allows us to construct suitable conceptual models such that analytical solutions can be derived. The resulting law takes into account both saturation and geological heterogeneity when estimating saturation from seismic. Numerical tests based on flow simulation and seismic calculation show that this law can accurately predict the true reservoir saturation to within 1 to 2 percent, whilst laws not incorporating this reservoir information can achieve 3 to 8 percent and are strongly dependent on porosity and saturation fluctuations. Whilst the new approach requires data gathered from fine scale simulations and analogue outcrops, the improvement in accuracy and reduction in uncertainty may well be advantageous. В статье оцениваются упругие свойства пород в зависимости от степени их насыщения Результаты зависят не только отнасыщения, но и от объемных долей и констант (видимо связанных с геометрией) Имеется библиография в 8 наименований (в основном старые публикации - 3, публикации в Petroleum Geoscience и публикации MacBeth с соавторами - 3)
BorisE: http://www0.cgg.com/corporate/research/articles/eage04/Cri_petroelastic_EAGE04.pdf http://uncertainty.imr.no/__data/page/5991/TLE.pdf http://www.geotrace.com/articles/Geotrace_Troll4D_EAGE_madrid.pdf
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